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<blockquote data-quote="Box Ox" data-source="post: 5424417" data-attributes="member: 48469"><p>[URL unfurl="true"]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States[/URL]</p><p></p><p>"Slavery among Native Americans in the United States includes slavery by and slavery of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" target="_blank">Native Americans</a> roughly within what is currently the United States of America.</p><p></p><p>Tribal territories and the slave trade ranged over present-day borders. Some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_tribe" target="_blank">Native American tribes</a> held <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" target="_blank">war captives</a> as slaves prior to and during <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" target="_blank">European colonization</a>. Some Native Americans were captured and sold by others into slavery to Europeans, while others were captured and sold by Europeans themselves. In the late 18th and 19th centuries, a small number of tribes, such as the five so-called "civilized tribes", began increasing their holding of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American" target="_blank">African-American</a> slaves.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:3-1" target="_blank">[1]</a></p><p></p><p>European contact greatly influenced slavery as it existed among <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" target="_blank">pre-contact</a> Native Americans, particularly in scale.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States#cite_note-FOOTNOTELauber191325–47-2" target="_blank">[2]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States#cite_note-introcolonial-3" target="_blank">[3]</a> As they raided other tribes to capture slaves for sales to Europeans, they fell into destructive wars among themselves, and against Europeans.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States#cite_note-FOOTNOTELauber191325–47-2" target="_blank">[2]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States#cite_note-introcolonial-3" target="_blank">[3]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States#cite_note-tperdue1-4" target="_blank">[4]</a>"</p><p></p><p>[URL unfurl="true"]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas[/URL]</p><p></p><p>"In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoamerica" target="_blank">Mesoamerica</a>, the most common forms of slavery were those of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoners_of_war" target="_blank">prisoners of war</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt_bondage" target="_blank">debtors</a>. People unable to pay back debts could be sentenced to work as slaves to the persons owed until the debts were worked off. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayan_civilization" target="_blank">Mayan</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoias2014-8" target="_blank">[7]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-Tarlton-9" target="_blank">[8]</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec_Empire" target="_blank">Aztec</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHernández2012-10" target="_blank">[9]</a> civilizations both practiced slavery. Warfare was important to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_society" target="_blank">Maya society</a>, because raids on surrounding areas provided the victims required for human <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrifice" target="_blank">sacrifice</a>, as well as slaves for the construction of temples.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-11" target="_blank">[10]</a> Most victims of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sacrifice_in_Aztec_culture" target="_blank">human sacrifice</a> were prisoners of war or slaves.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-12" target="_blank">[11]</a> Slavery was not usually hereditary; children of slaves were born free.[<em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" target="_blank">citation needed</a></em>]</p><p></p><p>In the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_Empire" target="_blank">Inca Empire</a>, workers were subject to a <em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mit%27a" target="_blank">Mit'a</a></em> in lieu of taxes which they paid by working for the government, a form of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corv%C3%A9e_labor" target="_blank">corvée labor</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanseco199963-13" target="_blank">[12]</a> Each <em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayllu" target="_blank">ayllu</a></em>, or extended family, would decide which family member to send to do the work. It is debated whether this system of forced labor counts as slavery.[<em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" target="_blank">citation needed</a></em>]</p><p></p><p>Many of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Pacific_Northwest_Coast" target="_blank">indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast</a>, such as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haida_people" target="_blank">Haida</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlingit_people" target="_blank">Tlingit</a>, were traditionally known as fierce warriors and slave-traders, raiding as far as California.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-Maschner-14" target="_blank">[13]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-JGreen-15" target="_blank">[14]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-World_Archaeology-16" target="_blank">[15]</a> Slavery was hereditary, the slaves being <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoners_of_war" target="_blank">prisoners of war</a>. Their targets often included members of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast_Salish" target="_blank">Coast Salish</a> groups. Among some tribes about a quarter of the population were slaves.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-17" target="_blank">[16]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-18" target="_blank">[17]</a> One <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slave_narrative" target="_blank">slave narrative</a> was composed by an Englishman, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_R._Jewitt" target="_blank">John R. Jewitt</a>, who had been taken alive when his ship was captured in 1802; his memoir provides a detailed look at life as a slave, and asserts that a large number were held.[<em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" target="_blank">citation needed</a></em>]"</p><p></p><p>Other slave-owning societies and tribes of the New World included the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehuelche_people" target="_blank">Tehuelche</a> of Patagonia, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalinago" target="_blank">Kalinago</a> of Dominica, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupinamb%C3%A1_people" target="_blank">Tupinambá</a> of Brazil, and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawnee_people" target="_blank">Pawnee</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Plains" target="_blank">Great Plains</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-19" target="_blank">[18]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGinzburg2012-20" target="_blank">[19]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-21" target="_blank">[20]</a></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Box Ox, post: 5424417, member: 48469"] [URL unfurl="true"]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States[/URL] "Slavery among Native Americans in the United States includes slavery by and slavery of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States']Native Americans[/URL] roughly within what is currently the United States of America. Tribal territories and the slave trade ranged over present-day borders. Some [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_tribe']Native American tribes[/URL] held [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner_of_war']war captives[/URL] as slaves prior to and during [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas']European colonization[/URL]. Some Native Americans were captured and sold by others into slavery to Europeans, while others were captured and sold by Europeans themselves. In the late 18th and 19th centuries, a small number of tribes, such as the five so-called "civilized tribes", began increasing their holding of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American']African-American[/URL] slaves.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:3-1'][1][/URL] European contact greatly influenced slavery as it existed among [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era']pre-contact[/URL] Native Americans, particularly in scale.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States#cite_note-FOOTNOTELauber191325–47-2'][2][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States#cite_note-introcolonial-3'][3][/URL] As they raided other tribes to capture slaves for sales to Europeans, they fell into destructive wars among themselves, and against Europeans.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States#cite_note-FOOTNOTELauber191325–47-2'][2][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States#cite_note-introcolonial-3'][3][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States#cite_note-tperdue1-4'][4][/URL]" [URL unfurl="true"]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas[/URL] "In [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoamerica']Mesoamerica[/URL], the most common forms of slavery were those of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoners_of_war']prisoners of war[/URL] and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt_bondage']debtors[/URL]. People unable to pay back debts could be sentenced to work as slaves to the persons owed until the debts were worked off. The [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayan_civilization']Mayan[/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoias2014-8'][7][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-Tarlton-9'][8][/URL] and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec_Empire']Aztec[/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHernández2012-10'][9][/URL] civilizations both practiced slavery. Warfare was important to [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_society']Maya society[/URL], because raids on surrounding areas provided the victims required for human [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrifice']sacrifice[/URL], as well as slaves for the construction of temples.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-11'][10][/URL] Most victims of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sacrifice_in_Aztec_culture']human sacrifice[/URL] were prisoners of war or slaves.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-12'][11][/URL] Slavery was not usually hereditary; children of slaves were born free.[[I][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed']citation needed[/URL][/I]] In the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_Empire']Inca Empire[/URL], workers were subject to a [I][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mit%27a']Mit'a[/URL][/I] in lieu of taxes which they paid by working for the government, a form of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corv%C3%A9e_labor']corvée labor[/URL].[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanseco199963-13'][12][/URL] Each [I][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayllu']ayllu[/URL][/I], or extended family, would decide which family member to send to do the work. It is debated whether this system of forced labor counts as slavery.[[I][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed']citation needed[/URL][/I]] Many of the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Pacific_Northwest_Coast']indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast[/URL], such as the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haida_people']Haida[/URL] and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlingit_people']Tlingit[/URL], were traditionally known as fierce warriors and slave-traders, raiding as far as California.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-Maschner-14'][13][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-JGreen-15'][14][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-World_Archaeology-16'][15][/URL] Slavery was hereditary, the slaves being [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoners_of_war']prisoners of war[/URL]. Their targets often included members of the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast_Salish']Coast Salish[/URL] groups. Among some tribes about a quarter of the population were slaves.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-17'][16][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-18'][17][/URL] One [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slave_narrative']slave narrative[/URL] was composed by an Englishman, [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_R._Jewitt']John R. Jewitt[/URL], who had been taken alive when his ship was captured in 1802; his memoir provides a detailed look at life as a slave, and asserts that a large number were held.[[I][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed']citation needed[/URL][/I]]" Other slave-owning societies and tribes of the New World included the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehuelche_people']Tehuelche[/URL] of Patagonia, the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalinago']Kalinago[/URL] of Dominica, the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupinamb%C3%A1_people']Tupinambá[/URL] of Brazil, and the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawnee_people']Pawnee[/URL] of the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Plains']Great Plains[/URL].[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-19'][18][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGinzburg2012-20'][19][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#cite_note-21'][20][/URL] [/QUOTE]
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