trailer brakes only. Used while stopped in traffic and intersections and pre-trip inspections. At least that's when I used mine.
the hand brake can also be used in an emergency but it takes practice. when in snow and ice and you your trailer starts pushing the tractor sideways you can give the hand brake just enough pull to straighten out.
i used to practice this every winter in a very large pull out on the side of the highway if no trucks were parked there. that is why it is so important to have your brakes all properly adjusted, especially in winter. used to drive mechanics crazy asking them to adjust. almost every time 2 or 3 would be out too much or adjusted too tight. i did it myself if i was exchanging trailers at a meet point.
it can also stop a slide on a wet / oily highway. but if you overdo it it can cause a roll over. have had some close calls over
the years but fortunately nothing bad happened.
just a couple times in my career i was going around a long bend in the highway and without warning all the traffic was stopped because of an accident. the hand brake can be awfully handy in this situation. you do send up a smokescreen though from the burning rubber.