Juneteenth (also known as
Freedom Day,
Jubilee Day,
Liberation Day, and
Emancipation Day) is an
unofficial holiday celebrating the emancipation of those who had been
enslaved in the United States. Originating in
Texas, it is now celebrated annually on the
19th of June throughout the
United States, with varying official recognition. Specifically, it commemorates
Union army general
Gordon Granger announcing federal orders in
Galveston, Texas, on June 19, 1865, proclaiming that all slaves in Texas were free.
On June 18,
Union Army General Gordon Granger arrived at
Galveston Island with 2,000 federal troops to occupy Texas on behalf of the federal government. The following day, standing on the balcony of Galveston's
Ashton Villa, Granger read aloud the contents of "General Order No. 3", announcing the total
emancipation of those held as slaves:
By the 21st century, Juneteenth was celebrated in most major cities across the United States. Activists are campaigning for the
United States Congress to recognize Juneteenth as a
national holiday. Hawaii, North Dakota and South Dakota are the only states that do not recognize Juneteenth, according to the Congressional Research Service. Of the 47 states that do acknowledge Juneteenth in one way or another, Texas, Virginia, New York and Pennsylvania are the only ones recognizing it as an official paid holiday for state employees.
The holiday is considered the "longest running African-American holiday" and has been called "
America's second Independence Day".