The
Supremacy Clause of the
United States Constitution (
Article VI, Clause 2) establishes that the Constitution,
federal laws made pursuant to it, and
treaties made under its authority, constitute the supreme law of the land.
[1] It provides that
state courts are bound by the supreme law; in case of conflict between federal and state law, the federal law must be applied. Even
state constitutions are subordinate to federal law.
[2] In essence, it is a
conflict-of-laws rule specifying that certain national acts take priority over any state acts that conflict with national law. In this respect, the Supremacy Clause follows the lead of Article XIII of the
Articles of Confederation, which provided that "Every
State shall abide by the determination of the
United States in Congress Assembled, on all questions which by this confederation are submitted to them."
[3] A constitutional provision announcing the supremacy of federal law, the Supremacy Clause assumes the underlying priority of federal authority, at least when that authority is expressed in the Constitution itself.
[4] No matter what the
federal government or the states might wish to do, they have to stay within the boundaries of the Constitution. This makes the Supremacy Clause the cornerstone of the whole
American political structure.
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